We wrote A12 cell text as for ease of identification and the right adjacent cell (B12) equation was written as “= COUNT (B2:E2)/(COUNT (B2:E2)-1)”. Where, k = number of items (question/statement) in questionnaire Then, we calculated the SD of sum score in cell F10. For calculation of total score of subject 1, we wrote formula for F2 cell as “= SUM (B2:E2)” and the sum score was calculated as 11. In column F, we calculated the total score of four questions of each subject. Similarly, we calculated the SD of other columns. For calculation of SD of column B data, we wrote B10 cell formula as “= STDEV (B2:B7)”, and the SD was calculated as 0.752773. įigure 1: Calculation of Cronbach's alpha in cell E13 with the calculated value of B12, E12, and B13 in OpenOffice™ Calc spreadsheetįirst, we calculated the standard deviation (SD) of the data of each column. We took filled up questionnaire of only six respondents for convenience and scored it in spreadsheet as shown in. We drafted a set of four questions with response option in 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 for lowest score and 5 for highest score. It can be used as an alternative to Microsoft Excel.
CRONBACH ALPHA SPSS SOFTWARE
OpenOffice™ Calc is free spreadsheet software which is a part of Apache OpenOffice™ software package (The Apache Software Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA). Hence, we provided an alternative way to calculate Cronbach's alpha, backed by theoretical knowledge. However, costly statistics software package may not be accessible to researchers in smaller settings in developing countries. Researcher can easily calculate the α with some clicks in statistics software. The overall internal consistency of the questionnaire can be measured by Cronbach's alpha. Next is the test for internal consistency of the questionnaire. After initial drafting of the questionnaire, it is usually tested for content and construct validity. When investigators try to study some characteristics in population by asking some questions, they design a questionnaire. Calculation of Cronbach's alpha in spreadsheet: An alternative to costly statistics software. How to cite this URL: Mondal H, Mondal S. Discussion focused on implications of these findings.How to cite this article: Mondal H, Mondal S. Results demonstrated that: (a) inconsistent response patterns exited in the data (RQ1), (b) number of scale items influenced amount of inconsistency (RQ2), (c) Alpha masked these inconsistencies (RQ3), and (d) this pattern generalized across different resources and respondents (RQ4). Respondents were classified as consistent or inconsistent based on their responses to the place attachment questions. Each survey had place attachment questions composed of two concepts: place identity and place dependence. This article examined four research questions (RQ): (a) To what extent do inconsistencies exist in data (e.g., responses of -2 -2 2 2)? (b) Do the number of scale items influence the amount of inconsistency? (c) Does Cronbach alpha mask inconsistencies? and (d) Does the pattern of findings generalize across different contexts? Data were obtained from 29 research projects (n=10,616). SponarskiĬronbach alpha estimates the internal consistency of responses in multi-item bipolar scales. Rethinking Consistency in Cronbach’s Alpha Jerry J.
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