Post-genocide Kigali has experienced rapid population growth, with much of the city rebuilt. They gradually took control of most of the country and seized Kigali on 4 July 1994. The RPF resumed fighting, ending a cease-fire of more than a year. His death was followed by the Rwandan genocide, with Hutu extremists loyal to the interim government killing an estimated 500,000–800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu nationwide. However, in April 1994 Rwanda's President Juvénal Habyarimana was killed when his aircraft was shot down near Kigali. It was not initially directly affected by the Rwandan Civil War between government forces and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which began in 1990. Kigali grew slowly during the following decades. Kigali remained the seat of colonial administration for Rwanda but Ruanda-Urundi's capital was at Usumbura (now Bujumbura) in Burundi and Kigali remained a small city with a population of just 6,000 at the time of independence. Belgium took control of Rwanda and Burundi during World War I, forming the mandate of Ruanda-Urundi. Foreign merchants began to trade in the city during the German era, and Kandt opened some government-run schools for Tutsi Rwandan students. In an area controlled by the Kingdom of Rwanda from the 17th century and then by the German Empire, the city was founded in 1907 when Richard Kandt, the colonial resident, chose the site for his headquarters, citing its central location, views and security. The city has been Rwanda's economic, cultural, and transport hub since it became the capital following independence from Belgian rule in 1962.
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It is near the nation's geographic centre in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. Kigali ( Kinyarwanda pronunciation: ) is the capital and largest city of Rwanda.
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